Hemlock

Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) is the most plentiful tree species on the coast of British Columbia. It is commonly sold and shipped, together with amabilis fir, under the name Hem-Fir, or Hem-Bal. Hem-Fir is primarily used as structural lumber in North America, Japan and other export markets, with common applications including general construction, roof decking and plywood. It is also used as laminating stock for glue-laminated timber, solid beams and other engineered wood products. More recently, Hem-Fir has seen growing use in mass timber applications, including glued-laminated timber (GLT) and cross-laminated timber (CLT), where its strength, stiffness and good gluing properties support reliable structural performance. Compared to other species, Hem-Fir is well suited to horizontal components, longer spans and structural systems where dimensional stability and performance are important.

Western hemlock, known for its excellent working properties, is often the first choice for mouldings and interior woodworking. It is also widely used in joints, veneered interior panelling, furniture, doors, floors and windows. It is non-resinous and takes stains and finishes extremely well. Hemlock sands smoothly, glues easily, and has high nail- and screw-holding ability.

In North America, Hem-Fir structural grades follow National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA) rules. Select Structural, No. 2 and better, and stud grades are the most common.